Gaea's wide range of simulations help you mimic nature through simulating real-world processes from a both scientific and artistic point-of-view.

The most important simulation is Erosion2 as well as the classic Erosion. These are augmented by Thermal2, Crumble, Sediments, and others.

Snow, Snowfield, and Dusting create snow simulations. While IceFloe can create floating chunks of ice.
Lake, Sea, and Rivers create various kinds of water simulations.

Trees and Shrubs powerful ways to create vegetation masks driven by real geological factors which can then be used later in DCC apps to create entire forests.
Debris creates thousands (even millions) of physics-enabled debris onto your terrain.